A comprehensive review: electrospinning technique for fabrication and surface modification of membranes for water treatment application

Abstract

In this world of nanotechnology{,} nanofibrous structures offer specialized features{,} such as mechanical strength and a large surface area{,} which makes them attractive for many applications. Their large surface area to volume ratio also makes them highly efficient. Among all the techniques for generating nanofibers{,} electrospinning is an emerging and efficient process. Additionally{,} the electrospinning technique allows a uniform pore size{,} which is considered to be one of the important characteristics of membranes. Therefore{,} electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been used in water purification applications. Furthermore{,} the technique is widely utilized for generating membranes for membrane distillation and nanofiltration processes{,} for the removal of contaminants. However{,} in this review paper{,} more emphasis is given to the optimization of specific parameters and the preparation of polymeric solutions for fabricating specialized nanofibrous non-woven membranes{,} and surface modification for application in water treatment technology. Other issues{,} such as technology limitations{,} research challenges{,} and future perspectives{,} are also discussed.